ملخص الدراسة:

It is important to engineering profession to know why engineering women prefer some engineering profession than other and what factors are effects on them to choose this profession. Engineering has always been a male dominated profession and has not been successful in attracting women as other previously male-dominated fields. Despite the involvement of women in engineering field is growing, women are observed as minority in this field. The aim of this research is to identify the factors that influencing the choice of career in different engineering disciplines by women in Gaza Strip. This research has been conducted through literature reviews of the topic related to the factors affecting on women career choice in engineer, followed be a filed questionnaire survey used for collecting data. The target samples of research are employment engineering women, unemployment engineering women, female engineering students, and engineering companies.The questionnaire included eighty seven factors, categorized into ten groups after using factor analysis and relative important index "RII", two hundred and seventy were distributed. Two hundred and twenty five questionnaires were received. The main factors affecting women career choice are: the ability of women to work in the field of engineering, male dominance on the engineering profession, the personal qualities of an engineer engineering women, social value and prestige related with engineer, work environment and working hours, family and parents, discrimination against women, historical role of women, and culture. Also from the result of this research are most respondent think that their choice career in engineering is right decision, most respondent choice their career based on the desire to advance, most respondent agreed that university degree in engineering qualifies (technically - psychologically - socially) to enter the field of work, less than half of respondent will encourage junior engineers to enter in the field of engineering, small number of respondent agreed that small number of women employees in some engineering disciplines due to the inefficiency and lack of skill. More than half think that jobs in the field of engineering are less popular for women to specialize in other sectors, very small number of respondent will study another sector as mathematics or physics if they don’t have an opportunity to work as engineer. Very small number of respondent are have knowledge about engineering before choice their career. Research found that high rate in high school, exploration of the unknown, high social value of engineer are the most attitude affected on women career choice in engineering but male dominance of engineering profession, difficult study of engineering college and high cost of engineering study are the least attitude of women in career choice in engineering. The discriminatory environment of engineering profession, male dominance of engineering profession are represent barriers facing women entering and working within different engineering discipline. Architect and computer engineer is the most popular engineering discipline for women; also this study found that there is relationship between culture and choices of profession and career success. The study recommended highlighting on the successful women model in engineering to stand on how they overcame some of the challenges in work environment. Improved the working and employment conditions for women is needed. Current legislation must be enforced combined with an engineer association specifying and prescribing modern and safe working conditions. An engineer association must encourage women engineering and join them and network with other professional women or women in leadership positions. Government must support engineering women by helping with funding and provide jobs. Also recommended to, enhance the personal qualities of engineering women to compete in the labor market. Eliminate the discrimination against women in engineering working site. Increase the quota of employment the women to eliminate the male dominance on the engineering profession.

توثيق المرجعي (APA)